EXPLAINED: Who has to do a tax declaration in France?
If you're looking at coverage of the French tax declaration and thinking 'I wonder if that applies to me' - then chances are, it probably does. Here's a look at who has to do the annual declaration and who is exempt.
It's no-one's favourite job - a lengthy and complicated form covering your finances for the previous year - but for most people the annual income tax declaration - déclaration des revenues - remains compulsory.
Since 2023, property owners in France have had to also complete the déclaration d'occupation - property tax declaration. However, this is a one-off task not an annual event like the income tax declaration.
Taking a look at the income tax declaration first, here's who has to complete it and who is exempt;
Residents in France
If France is your full-time residence then you will most likely need to fill in the declaration. The French tax office starts to consider you a resident if you spend at least six months of the year here, so this may also apply to some second-home owners who pay lengthy visits.
Explained: The rules on tax residency in France
Many people assume that if you have no income in France then you don't have to make a declaration, but in fact this is not the case.
France has dual-taxation arrangements in place with a large number of countries including the UK, USA, Canada and Australia so you likely won't be taxed on income that is already taxed in your home country, but you still have to fill out the declaration.
If you're feeling daunted by the task, check out our section-by-section guide to filling in the form.
People who are salaried employees and have their income tax deducted at source also sometimes assume that they don't need to fill in the declaration, but for most people this is not the case. If your only income in France is your salary and your taxes have already been deducted then you won't have to pay any extra, but you still need to fill in the form.
If you think this sounds totally crazy, it's because France is in the middle of a major reorganisation of its tax system and income tax only began being deducted at source in 2019 - before that employees only had social charges deducted from their salary and then got an annual bill for income tax.
The new system is known as prélèvement à la source, which is sometimes confusingly translated as 'withholding tax' but it means pay-as-you-earn.
READ ALSO How to understand your French payslip
The eventual plan is that declarations for employees will be scrapped, but at present most people still need to fill one in.
Exemptions - as mentioned, France is in the middle of a major shift in tax declarations and from 2020 some employees whose only income is their salary have been moved on to 'automatic declarations' where you simply declare that all the information you supplied last year is still correct.
This was extended to more employees in 2023 - if you are eligible you will receive an email from the tax office or a message via your online tax portal, if you are not contacted, assume you need to complete the declaration as normal.
Recent arrivals - the spring 2024 tax declaration covers the 2023 tax year (January 1st to December 31st 2023). So if you arrived in France after January 1st and had no income in France in 2023, then you will not need to complete the declaration until next year.
Rebates - for some people filling in a tax declaration might result in the French government giving you money, rather than the other way round.
There are a lot of tax rebates available in France, from specific professions who are exempt from income tax on a proportion of their salaries due to historic union agreements to deductions available for parents on costs like childcare and domestic help.
READ ALSO The French tax breaks you don't want to miss out on
Second-home owners
For most second-home owners who keep their main residence in another country, an income tax declaration will not be necessary in France, but if you rent out your French home and therefore have income in France you may need to fill in the declaration. Find out more at the French government's international taxpayers section HERE (in English).
If you own property in France you will be liable for two types of property tax - the property owners' tax taxe foncière and the householders tax taxe d'habitation - but these are billed separately from the annual declaration which is concerned with income.
Working in France
If you are working in France but not living here you may also have to make a declaration, depending on your status.
Cross border workers - people who live in another country but cross the border daily to work in France are mostly covered by treaties.
France has signed treaties with Germany, Belgium, Spain and Italy that states that salaries are taxable in the worker's country of residence, even if the wages are earned elsewhere. Eight Swiss cantons have similar agreements with France, but not the Canton of Geneva (although the great majority of cross border-workers there are working in Switzerland and living in France rather than the other way round). Find out more HERE.
French employer - if you live outside France but have done paid work in France for a French company you may need to fill in a French tax declaration, even if your salary has had tax deducted at source. Find out more HERE.
Income/business interests in France
If you live outside France but have business interests/investments here, or any income here, then you will also need to declare.
The French tax office considers you a tax resident if you either have income in France or have the 'centre of your economic activities' in France.
This category has a slightly vague definition, concerns people who don't live or work in France, but have their 'main investments' in France or the business from which they administer their main investments is based in France.
Income in France includes any income from renting out a property - so for example if you're thinking of renting out your second home on Airbnb for a few weeks of the year, you would need to declare that income.
Make the declaration
Declarations for 2024 opened on April 11th and cover the time period January 1st 2023 to December 31st 2023.
If you live in France you need to declare all your income, wherever it comes from (although if you have already been taxed on it in another country you likely won't pay more tax in France). This includes income from renting out a property in another country, pension income and income from shares and dividends.
You also need to declare all non-French bank accounts on your declaration - even if they are dormant and empty.
If this is your first year declaring tax in France you need to register first and you may need to make the declaration on paper - everyone else can declare online.
The deadline to have your declaration completed is late May/early June depending on where you live and whether you are filing on paper or online - full details here.
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It's no-one's favourite job - a lengthy and complicated form covering your finances for the previous year - but for most people the annual income tax declaration - déclaration des revenues - remains compulsory.
Since 2023, property owners in France have had to also complete the déclaration d'occupation - property tax declaration. However, this is a one-off task not an annual event like the income tax declaration.
Taking a look at the income tax declaration first, here's who has to complete it and who is exempt;
Residents in France
If France is your full-time residence then you will most likely need to fill in the declaration. The French tax office starts to consider you a resident if you spend at least six months of the year here, so this may also apply to some second-home owners who pay lengthy visits.
Explained: The rules on tax residency in France
Many people assume that if you have no income in France then you don't have to make a declaration, but in fact this is not the case.
France has dual-taxation arrangements in place with a large number of countries including the UK, USA, Canada and Australia so you likely won't be taxed on income that is already taxed in your home country, but you still have to fill out the declaration.
If you're feeling daunted by the task, check out our section-by-section guide to filling in the form.
People who are salaried employees and have their income tax deducted at source also sometimes assume that they don't need to fill in the declaration, but for most people this is not the case. If your only income in France is your salary and your taxes have already been deducted then you won't have to pay any extra, but you still need to fill in the form.
If you think this sounds totally crazy, it's because France is in the middle of a major reorganisation of its tax system and income tax only began being deducted at source in 2019 - before that employees only had social charges deducted from their salary and then got an annual bill for income tax.
The new system is known as prélèvement à la source, which is sometimes confusingly translated as 'withholding tax' but it means pay-as-you-earn.
READ ALSO How to understand your French payslip
The eventual plan is that declarations for employees will be scrapped, but at present most people still need to fill one in.
Exemptions - as mentioned, France is in the middle of a major shift in tax declarations and from 2020 some employees whose only income is their salary have been moved on to 'automatic declarations' where you simply declare that all the information you supplied last year is still correct.
This was extended to more employees in 2023 - if you are eligible you will receive an email from the tax office or a message via your online tax portal, if you are not contacted, assume you need to complete the declaration as normal.
Recent arrivals - the spring 2024 tax declaration covers the 2023 tax year (January 1st to December 31st 2023). So if you arrived in France after January 1st and had no income in France in 2023, then you will not need to complete the declaration until next year.
Rebates - for some people filling in a tax declaration might result in the French government giving you money, rather than the other way round.
There are a lot of tax rebates available in France, from specific professions who are exempt from income tax on a proportion of their salaries due to historic union agreements to deductions available for parents on costs like childcare and domestic help.
READ ALSO The French tax breaks you don't want to miss out on
Second-home owners
For most second-home owners who keep their main residence in another country, an income tax declaration will not be necessary in France, but if you rent out your French home and therefore have income in France you may need to fill in the declaration. Find out more at the French government's international taxpayers section HERE (in English).
If you own property in France you will be liable for two types of property tax - the property owners' tax taxe foncière and the householders tax taxe d'habitation - but these are billed separately from the annual declaration which is concerned with income.
Working in France
If you are working in France but not living here you may also have to make a declaration, depending on your status.
Cross border workers - people who live in another country but cross the border daily to work in France are mostly covered by treaties.
France has signed treaties with Germany, Belgium, Spain and Italy that states that salaries are taxable in the worker's country of residence, even if the wages are earned elsewhere. Eight Swiss cantons have similar agreements with France, but not the Canton of Geneva (although the great majority of cross border-workers there are working in Switzerland and living in France rather than the other way round). Find out more HERE.
French employer - if you live outside France but have done paid work in France for a French company you may need to fill in a French tax declaration, even if your salary has had tax deducted at source. Find out more HERE.
Income/business interests in France
If you live outside France but have business interests/investments here, or any income here, then you will also need to declare.
The French tax office considers you a tax resident if you either have income in France or have the 'centre of your economic activities' in France.
This category has a slightly vague definition, concerns people who don't live or work in France, but have their 'main investments' in France or the business from which they administer their main investments is based in France.
Income in France includes any income from renting out a property - so for example if you're thinking of renting out your second home on Airbnb for a few weeks of the year, you would need to declare that income.
Make the declaration
Declarations for 2024 opened on April 11th and cover the time period January 1st 2023 to December 31st 2023.
If you live in France you need to declare all your income, wherever it comes from (although if you have already been taxed on it in another country you likely won't pay more tax in France). This includes income from renting out a property in another country, pension income and income from shares and dividends.
You also need to declare all non-French bank accounts on your declaration - even if they are dormant and empty.
If this is your first year declaring tax in France you need to register first and you may need to make the declaration on paper - everyone else can declare online.
The deadline to have your declaration completed is late May/early June depending on where you live and whether you are filing on paper or online - full details here.
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