OPINION: Why the Left in France has declined into electoral irrelevance
Current opinion polls for the 2022 French presidential election suggest defeat and humiliation lie ahead for the Left in France. John Lichfield examines just what's gone wrong for the Left.
In the 2012 presidential election, almost half of French voters - 43.75 percent - voted for left and green candidates in the first round. Two weeks later France elected a Socialist President, François Hollande.
A decade later, the French Left has imploded. No left or green candidate is attracting more than 10% of the vote in polling before the first round of next April’s election. None of them seems likely to make the top four, let alone reach the top two places and reach Round Two.
The French Left still has lots of tribes and lots of candidates – seven, including two different flavours of Trotskyist. What the Left lacks is voters. If you believe the most recent opinion polls, only around 25 percent of French adults plan to vote for a left-wing or green candidate on April 10th.
And yet and yet…
If even two-thirds of those voters united behind one candidate, the Left would be challenging for a place in the run-off on 24 April. A unified campaign of the Left could, in theory, transform an election which appears doomed at present to be fought only on the right and centre of the battlefield.
John Lichfield: Rural France has reason to be grateful to Paris yet resentment runs deep
The Socialist candidate, Anne Hidalgo, the mayor of Paris, has belatedly found the calculator app on her mobile phone. From her commanding position with 3 percent of the first round vote, she has appealed for a primary election to choose a single candidate of the Left (having previously evaded a primary of her own party).
Her suggestion has been welcomed by the dissident Eurosceptic Socialist and former industry minister, Arnaud Montebourg (who had originally mocked the idea of a Big Left primary). He came around to the idea a few weeks ago when his own potential score settled at roughly 1 percent.
Most of the other left-wing candidates have dismissed the idea. (No one asked the two Trotskyists, who have a combined vote of 2.5 percent).
The radical Left candidate, Jean-Luc Mélenchon (roughly 10 percent support at present), the Green candidate Yves Jadot (6 percent) and the Communist candidate Fabien Roussel (2 percent) all said broadly the same thing. “There is no need for a primary and a unified candidate of the Left. All we need is for everyone to swing behind me.”
Here is the first clue to the demise of the Left. All candidates speak passionately of the desperate need for a change from the wicked, Macronist Centre and the existential threat from the Far Right. Finally, all of them care more about promoting their personal ambitions or protecting their ideological or party brands.
Put another way, there is no such thing as The Left in France anymore. There is a collection of incompatible ideologies. With the decline of the Parti Socialiste, there is no longer a powerful and pragmatic centre-left party to channel a left-of centre programme for government.
In Germany, the Social Democrats and Greens have just taken power as part of a three-way coalition in Germany. In Britain, Labour is topping the polls.
Why has the Left declined into electoral irrelevance in a France, where the state still plays a bigger part in the economy than most other EU or developed nations?
I would offer three explanations.
Partly it is Emmanuel Macron’s doing.
At the last election, Macron took a big chunk of the moderate centre-left vote. Almost half the voters who had gone with Hollande in the first round in 2012 voted for Macron in 2017. Many have since changed their mind about him. Many have not.
Macron currently has 23 to 25% of the first round vote next year. Reading the small print of the polls, I would say that 10 of those percentage points are centrist, pro-Europeans who previously voted for the centre-left and mostly for the Parti Socialiste.
Secondly, current opinion polls are based on the views of the just over half of electorate who are willing to express an opinion (something that pollsters usually advertise only in the small print). I suspect that the shy or disgruntled vote is heavily concentrated on the Left.
That suggests, however, that none of a wide range of left and green candidates available has captured the imagination of even their own target audience. The Socialists and Greens did well enough in the municipal and regional elections this year and last. They have failed to produce a convincing national programme or a charismatic national candidate.
Thirdly, the broad Left (including the Greens) is now largely an educated, middle class and urban phenomenon (which explains their success in big cities, like Paris, Marseille and Bordeaux). In the first round of the last presidential election, 42% of blue-collar voters cast ballots for Marine Le Pen and other far-right candidates. The total left-wing share of the first round blue-collar vote was 33%.
Something similar can be seen in Britain but there the working class have migrated to the Tories. In both countries, it has become harder for a middle-class, urban and quarrelsome Left to have a dominant, pragmatic ideology or a respected, single leader.
In France that is unlikely to change soon.
There is already a Popular Primary of the Left planned next month – an independent initiative by left-leaning academics and activists who foresaw the present problem.
All the candidates listed above will be included in an on-line vote on January – whether they agree or not. Over 250,000 people have signed up to take part, double the number involved in the centre-right primary this month.
Hidalgo says that she is ready to go along with this idea, rather than try to create a new primary structure.
Other candidates, as yet undeclared, may join in. Christiane Taubira, the former Socialist justice minister, is said to be considering her options.
I once spent a day travelling with Ms Taubira when she was a minister. She is an admirable woman and an inspiring public speaker. But she is a dreamer, rather than a thinker. In any case, the last thing the French Left needs is yet another candidate.
Here are three easy predictions. Whatever the result of the Popular Primary next month, there will be no single champion of the Left on April 10th and there will be no left-wing candidate in Round Two on April 27th.
All the same, whether they like it or not, the 30% or so of residual left-wing voters will get to pick the next President. They will hold the casting votes between a candidate that they hate and one that they merely detest.
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In the 2012 presidential election, almost half of French voters - 43.75 percent - voted for left and green candidates in the first round. Two weeks later France elected a Socialist President, François Hollande.
A decade later, the French Left has imploded. No left or green candidate is attracting more than 10% of the vote in polling before the first round of next April’s election. None of them seems likely to make the top four, let alone reach the top two places and reach Round Two.
The French Left still has lots of tribes and lots of candidates – seven, including two different flavours of Trotskyist. What the Left lacks is voters. If you believe the most recent opinion polls, only around 25 percent of French adults plan to vote for a left-wing or green candidate on April 10th.
And yet and yet…
If even two-thirds of those voters united behind one candidate, the Left would be challenging for a place in the run-off on 24 April. A unified campaign of the Left could, in theory, transform an election which appears doomed at present to be fought only on the right and centre of the battlefield.
John Lichfield: Rural France has reason to be grateful to Paris yet resentment runs deep
The Socialist candidate, Anne Hidalgo, the mayor of Paris, has belatedly found the calculator app on her mobile phone. From her commanding position with 3 percent of the first round vote, she has appealed for a primary election to choose a single candidate of the Left (having previously evaded a primary of her own party).
Her suggestion has been welcomed by the dissident Eurosceptic Socialist and former industry minister, Arnaud Montebourg (who had originally mocked the idea of a Big Left primary). He came around to the idea a few weeks ago when his own potential score settled at roughly 1 percent.
Most of the other left-wing candidates have dismissed the idea. (No one asked the two Trotskyists, who have a combined vote of 2.5 percent).
The radical Left candidate, Jean-Luc Mélenchon (roughly 10 percent support at present), the Green candidate Yves Jadot (6 percent) and the Communist candidate Fabien Roussel (2 percent) all said broadly the same thing. “There is no need for a primary and a unified candidate of the Left. All we need is for everyone to swing behind me.”
Here is the first clue to the demise of the Left. All candidates speak passionately of the desperate need for a change from the wicked, Macronist Centre and the existential threat from the Far Right. Finally, all of them care more about promoting their personal ambitions or protecting their ideological or party brands.
Put another way, there is no such thing as The Left in France anymore. There is a collection of incompatible ideologies. With the decline of the Parti Socialiste, there is no longer a powerful and pragmatic centre-left party to channel a left-of centre programme for government.
In Germany, the Social Democrats and Greens have just taken power as part of a three-way coalition in Germany. In Britain, Labour is topping the polls.
Why has the Left declined into electoral irrelevance in a France, where the state still plays a bigger part in the economy than most other EU or developed nations?
I would offer three explanations.
Partly it is Emmanuel Macron’s doing.
At the last election, Macron took a big chunk of the moderate centre-left vote. Almost half the voters who had gone with Hollande in the first round in 2012 voted for Macron in 2017. Many have since changed their mind about him. Many have not.
Macron currently has 23 to 25% of the first round vote next year. Reading the small print of the polls, I would say that 10 of those percentage points are centrist, pro-Europeans who previously voted for the centre-left and mostly for the Parti Socialiste.
Secondly, current opinion polls are based on the views of the just over half of electorate who are willing to express an opinion (something that pollsters usually advertise only in the small print). I suspect that the shy or disgruntled vote is heavily concentrated on the Left.
That suggests, however, that none of a wide range of left and green candidates available has captured the imagination of even their own target audience. The Socialists and Greens did well enough in the municipal and regional elections this year and last. They have failed to produce a convincing national programme or a charismatic national candidate.
Thirdly, the broad Left (including the Greens) is now largely an educated, middle class and urban phenomenon (which explains their success in big cities, like Paris, Marseille and Bordeaux). In the first round of the last presidential election, 42% of blue-collar voters cast ballots for Marine Le Pen and other far-right candidates. The total left-wing share of the first round blue-collar vote was 33%.
Something similar can be seen in Britain but there the working class have migrated to the Tories. In both countries, it has become harder for a middle-class, urban and quarrelsome Left to have a dominant, pragmatic ideology or a respected, single leader.
In France that is unlikely to change soon.
There is already a Popular Primary of the Left planned next month – an independent initiative by left-leaning academics and activists who foresaw the present problem.
All the candidates listed above will be included in an on-line vote on January – whether they agree or not. Over 250,000 people have signed up to take part, double the number involved in the centre-right primary this month.
Hidalgo says that she is ready to go along with this idea, rather than try to create a new primary structure.
Other candidates, as yet undeclared, may join in. Christiane Taubira, the former Socialist justice minister, is said to be considering her options.
I once spent a day travelling with Ms Taubira when she was a minister. She is an admirable woman and an inspiring public speaker. But she is a dreamer, rather than a thinker. In any case, the last thing the French Left needs is yet another candidate.
Here are three easy predictions. Whatever the result of the Popular Primary next month, there will be no single champion of the Left on April 10th and there will be no left-wing candidate in Round Two on April 27th.
All the same, whether they like it or not, the 30% or so of residual left-wing voters will get to pick the next President. They will hold the casting votes between a candidate that they hate and one that they merely detest.
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