Winemakers were forced to light fires and candles among their vines as nighttime temperatures plunged after weeks of unseasonably warm weather that had spurred early budding.
Scores of vulnerable fruit and vegetable orchards were also hit in what Agriculture Minister Julien Denormandie called "probably the greatest agricultural catastrophe of the beginning of the 21st century."
IN PICTURES: French vineyards ablaze in bid to ward off frosts
The government has promised more than €1 billion in aid for destroyed grapes and other crops.
Based on reported losses so far, the damage could result in up to 15 million fewer hectolitres of wine, a drop of 28 to 30 percent from the average yields over the past five years, the FranceAgriMer agency said.
That would represent €1.5 to €2 billion of lost revenue for the sector, Ygor Gibelind, head of the agency's wine division, said by videoconference.
It would also roughly coincide with the tally from France's FNSEA agriculture union.
Prime Minister Jean Castex vowed during a visit to damaged fields in southern France last Saturday that the emergency aid would be made available in the coming days to help farmers cope with the "exceptional situation."
READ ALSO: ‘We’ve lost at least 70,000 bottles’ – French winemakers count the cost of late frosts
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